Staff Directory


Sonny Zulhuda

Academic Qualification

  • Doctor of Philosophy (Law) - Doctor of Philosophy, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Master of Comparative Laws - Masters Degree, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Bachelor of Laws - Bachelor Degree, International Islamic University Malaysia

Sonny Zulhuda (Assoc. Prof. Dr.)

Associate Professor
IIUM Gombak Campus

AHMAD IBRAHIM KULLIYYAH OF LAWS

Other's position:

Deputy Legal Adviser, Office of the Legal Adviser


sonny@iium.edu.my
4309


Expert Profile


Sonny Zulhuda obtained his LLB (Honours), MCL and Ph.D from the IIUM. For his doctoral thesis which was completed in 2009, he wrote on the legal framework of information security in Malaysia, encompassing the issues of information governance, identity theft, cyber crimes, cyber terrorisms as well as the critical information infrastructure protection (CIIP). Besides, Dr. Sonny is trained on the Quality Management System (QMS) based on the ISO 9001:2008 and MS 1900:2014; Information Security Management System based on ISO/IEC 27001, CISSP review, as well as a certified trainer on Digital Etiquette and Appropriate Use of Technology, endorsed by the Ministry of Education.
He is a Web-science Summer Doctoral Scholarship recipient in 2008 from the Oxford Internet Institute, the University of Oxford, UK. In the span of two years, between 2011 through 2013, Sonny was awarded two-time ICANN Fellowships by the multinational organisation responsible for the Internet domain names management, i.e. the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). He is a member of the International Association for Privacy Professionals (IAPP) and is an Academic Advocate at the ISACA Chapter Malaysia, a national body for information security, audit and assurance professionals.
Dr. Sonny helped the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in preparing academic draft of Personal Data Protection Bill as well as draft Ministerial Regulations on wireless security and Internet content. In Malaysia, he was instrumental to the legal team who drafted the Malaysia's National Cyber Security Policy (NCSP) back in 2006. He also helped the Malaysia's Personal Data Protection Department on the PDP law training programme. He had further developed and delivered training modules on the awareness, compliance and rolling-out of the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 for both public and private sectors in Malaysia across various industries.

Dr. Sonny was a cyber law lecturer at Multimedia University (2006-2010) before he joined the Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, IIUM as an Assistant Professor in July 2010. He occasionally blogs at http://sonnyzulhuda.com.


Area of Specialisation


  • Social Science ~ Social Science ~ Law ~ Contract Law - Social Networking Media
  • Social Science ~ Social Science ~ Law ~ Commercial Law - E-commerce Law
  • Economics, Business And Management ~ Economics, Business And Management ~ Technology Management ~ Technology and Law - Critical Information Infrastructure Protection
  • Social Science ~ Social Science ~ Law ~ Cyber/ICT Law - Information Security Law


Professional Membership


  • 2011: Member of Profesional Body / Association: (Member), Internet Society Global
  • 2014 - 2016: Member of Profesional Body / Association: (Member), International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP)


Teaching Responsibilities


COMMERCIAL LAW (FOR ENM) 2006/2007
CYBER LAW 2023/2024 2021/2022 2020/2021 2019/2020 2018/2019 2017/2018 2015/2016 2014/2015 2013/2014 2012/2013 2011/2012 2010/2011
LAW ATTACHMENT PROGRAMME 2017/2018 2016/2017
LAW OF CONTRACT I 2023/2024 2011/2012 2010/2011
LAW OF CONTRACT II 2020/2021 2019/2020 2018/2019 2017/2018 2010/2011
LAW OF TORTS 1 2017/2018
LAW OF TORTS I 2023/2024 2022/2023 2021/2022 2020/2021 2019/2020 2018/2019 2017/2018 2016/2017 2015/2016 2014/2015 2013/2014 2012/2013 2011/2012 2010/2011
LAW OF TORTS II 2023/2024 2022/2023
LEGAL STUDIES FOR QUANTITY SURVEYORS 2 2012/2013


Supervision


The Law Governing Freedom Of Speech And Mass Media In Afghanistan.
Ph.D Completed 2022 Co-supervisor
The Internet Of Things: Legal Analysis Of Privacy, Security And Data Ownership In Malaysia.
Ph.D Completed 2021 Main Supervisor
Developing Electronic Health Data Privacy Legal Framework For Bangladesh .
Ph.D Completed 2021 Co-supervisor
حماية المستهلك في التجارة الالكترونية: دراسة مقارنة بين التشريعين الاماراتي و المصري.
Consumer Protection In E-Commerce: A Comparative Study Of The Uae And Egyptian Laws.
Ph.D Completed 2021 Co-supervisor
تطبيق القانون على الجرائم الواقعة عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في القانون الكويتي.
Application Of The Law To Offences Committed Through Social Media In Kuwait Law.
Ph.D Completed 2021 Co-supervisor
The Malaysian Press Council: Towards Striking A Balance Between Public Interest And Freedom Of Press.
Ph.D Completed 2020 Co-supervisor
Consumer Protection And Dispute Resolution In Electronic Contracts Under Saudi Law .
Ph.D Completed 2019 Co-supervisor
جريمة التحريض عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في المملكة العربية السعودية: دراسة تحليليةلة .
The Crime Of Incitement Through Social Media In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia: An Analytical Study.
Ph.D Completed 2019 Co-supervisor
Banks’ Compliance With Anti-Money Laundering Laws In Nigeria: Lessons From The United Kingdom.
Ph.D Completed 2018 Member Supervisory Committee
A Study On The Establishment Of Consumer Ombudsman For E-Commerce Under Nigerian Law.
Ph.D Completed 2018 Member Supervisory Committee
A Study On The Relevance Of Budapest Convention On Cybercrime In Nigeria.
Ph.D Completed 2018 Main Supervisor
E-Commerce Law In Palestine With Special Reference To Apportionment Of Liabilities.
Ph.D Completed 2017 Main Supervisor
Privacy And Personal Data Protection In Electronic Voting: Indonesia Case Study.
Ph.D Completed 2017 Co-supervisor
Judicial Approaches On The Infringement Of Privacy Right In Malaysia: A Critical Analysis.
Ph.D In Progress Member Supervisory Committee
Data Privacy And Security Issues In E-Wallet Services In Malaysia .
Ph.D In Progress Main Supervisor
The Principles Of Data Localizations: Legal Issues And Challenges.
Ph.D In Progress Main Supervisor
Professional Liability In Data Protection Under The Common Law Principles In Malaysia.
Ph.D In Progress Main Supervisor
A Legal Analysis Of Damages For Personal Data Breaches Under The Uae Data Protection Law 2021.
Ph.D In Progress Main Supervisor
الحماية القانونية للتجارة الالكترونية في سلطنة عمان.
Legal Protection Of Electronic Commerce In The Sultanate Of Oman.
Ph.D In Progress Main Supervisor
Artificial Intelligence And The Criminal Justice System In Malaysia: Issues And Challenges.
Ph.D In Progress Main Supervisor
Covid-19 Pandemic Policies In Malaysia And The Issues Of Privacy And Data Protection.
Master Completed 2023 Main Supervisor
A Comparative Legal Analysis On Cross-Border Data Transfer In Singapore, Philippines And Indonesia.
Master Completed 2021 Main Supervisor
جريمة الابتزاز عبر وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في المملكة العربية السعودية: دراسة تحليلية للقانون الواجب تطبيقه وتحدياته .
Extortion On Social Media In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia : Analysis Of The Applicable Law And The Challenges.
Master Completed 2020 Co-supervisor
Child Protection Law In Libya Against Online Pornography: A Comparative Perspective.
Master Completed 2018 Main Supervisor
Electronic Signature Under Iraqi Law: A Critical Examination Relating To E-Government Services.
Master Completed 2015 Main Supervisor
Privacy Issues In Electronic Surveillance In Malaysia : A Comparative Analysis Between Common Law And The Shari'Ah.
Master Completed 2015 Main Supervisor
Identity Crime In Digital Environment : Comparative Study Between The Common Law And The Shariah As Applied In Mauritania.
Master Completed 2014 Main Supervisor
Cyberterrorism : An Analysis Of Law In Oman With Special Reference To The Islamic Law.
Master Completed 2013 Main Supervisor
Thailand’S Legal Measures In The Event Of A Personal Data Breach.
Master In Progress Main Supervisor


Research Projects


Completed
2022 - Kajian Rang Undang-Undang Keselamatan Siber
2019 - 2023 Developing a new legal and regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies businesses in Malaysia.
2018 - 2022 SOCIAL MEDIA REGULATION IN MALAYSIA: TRENDS AND UPDATES FROM THE LEGAL AND JUDICIAL PERSPECTIVES
2018 - 2021 From Freedom of Expression to 'Freedom to Tell Lies': Formulating an Effective Legal Framework to Regulate the Spread of Fake News Online in Malaysia
2016 - 2019 Formulating The Legal and Institutional Framework for Elimination of Terrorism Financing in Malaysia
2015 - 2019 Access My Info (AMI)
2013 - 2017 Islamic Microfinance as a Tool for Enterprise Creation, Expansion and Poverty Alleviation : A Study of using Different Models
2013 - 2017 Security Offences Law Vis a Vis Right to Privacy in Malaysia: Guidelines for Reconciliation and Enforcement
2013 - 2016 Application of Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) on Malaysian Consumer Towards E-Commerce Transaction of Small Business
2011 - 2014 The Problems of Identity Theft in Malaysia in the Light of the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Act 2010: A Hope Rejuvenated?
2011 - 2015 Deciphering The Wikileaks SAGA:Exploring The Legal, Policy and Information Security Role and Challenges In Protecting and Securing Malaysia's Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) Against Data Leak
On-Going
2023 - Present Kajian Perundangan Ke Arah Penggubalan Draf Rang Undang-Undang Perkongsian Data
2021 - Present Curricula Development on Climate Change Policy and Law (CCP_Law) ERASMUS+ CBHE project ID 618874_CCP- Law
2017 - Present From Data Security to Freedom of Information: Formulating a Legal Framework for Open Data in Malaysian Public Sector


Award & Recognition


10 Dec, 2021 Top Researchers with the Highest Amount of Grants Received 2019-2021 - Others University
12 Jul, 2017 Fellow - University of Toronto International
14 Jun, 2014 Bronze Medal - IIUM International Research, Invention and Innovation Exhibition (IRIIE) 2014 University
08 Apr, 2013 ICANN Fellowship Award 2013 - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) International
20 Feb, 2012 Silver Medal - IIUM Research, Invention and Innovation Exhibition (IRIIE) 2012 University
19 Jun, 2011 ICANN Fellowship Award 2011 - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) International


Publications


Article

2024 'Imanan wa Ihtisaban', jiwa yang selalu berhitung. Republika, 17 March 2024 () pp.
2023 Anti-Dumping Committee’s strategy to confront dumping practices: Indonesian Law and International Law perspective. Journal of Private and Commercial Law, 7 (1) pp. 147-166
2023 Assessing cybersecurity readiness among higher education institutions in Indonesia using management perspectives. ICIC Express Letters, 17 (10) pp. 1151-1158
2023 Embracing cyberspace: Malaysia and the cyber security initiatives. Cyberpolitik Journal, 8 (15) pp. 18-23
2023 Fighting online crime globally. New Straits Times, () pp. 19-19
2023 Is Indonesia destined to become the world's market for halal products?. RSF Conference Proceeding Series: Business, Management and Social Science, 3 (2) pp. 66-72
2023 Legal protection for the victims of religious hate speech on the internet. Kosmik Hukum, 23 (2) pp. 189-199
2023 Modeling the contract and execution fiduciary on constitutional court decision. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3 (1) pp. 95-108
2022 Artificial intelligence in health care: data protection concerns in Malaysia. International Data Privacy Law, ipac005 () pp. 1-19
2022 Legal examination of terrorism glorification in Malaysia and Indonesia. At Tahalof IMCTC Quarterly Magazine, 12 () pp. 30-33
2022 Traitement juridique de la glorification du terrorisme en malaisie et en Indonésie. Al Tahalouf Magazine trimestriel publié par le Centre de la CIMCT, (12) pp. 30-33
2022 المعالجة القانونية لتمجيد الإرهاب في ماليزيا وإندونيسيا. التحالف مجلة فصلية تصدر عن التحالف اإلسالمي العسكري لمحاربة اإلرهاب, 12 () pp. 40-43
2021 Aku dan pemabuk. Suara Muhammadiyah, () pp.
2021 Coronavirus (COVID-19) and the spread of cyberterrorism attacks. Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition Website, () pp.
2021 Emulating the Provisions of the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime in the Nigerian Cybercrime (Prohibition, Prevention etc) Act 2015: Contextual Implications. Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Law Journal, 2 (1) pp. 217-235
2021 Kapitalisme data di balik manuver whatsApp. IB Times, 21st January 2021 () pp.
2021 Legal, policy framework needed. New Straits Times, 22 July 2021 () pp.
2021 Membaca Nexus ABIM dan Muhammadiyah dari sosok Siddiq Fadzil. Suara Muhammadiyah, 05 September 2021 () pp.
2021 Ramadhan dan Idul Fitri di Malaysia: Menggiatkan Filantropi, Membangun Altruisme. Suara Muhammadiyah, 16.5.2021 () pp.
2021 Repositioning the independence of the Indonesian Waqf Board in the development of National Waqf (a critical review of law no. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf). Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Sosial, 18 (1) pp. 59-77
2021 Saat negara Robin Hood bantu media semaput. IBTimes.ID, () pp.
2020 Apa dan kenapa perlu perlindungan data pribadi di era digital?. Kompas, () pp.
2020 Contact tracing apps: how much information is enough?. The Star, () pp. 14-15
2020 Cyberterrorisme: risque de menace et moyens de contrôle. Altahalouf, (3) pp. 20-23
2020 Ensuring safe cyberspace for children: an analysis of the legal implications of social media usage in Malaysia and Singapore. IIUM Law Journal, 28 (S1) pp. 395-413
2020 Kenapa perlu perlindungan data pribadi?. Antara News, () pp.
2020 Manage the legal risks. New Straits Times, () pp. 13-13
2020 Plea bargaining as a solution for criminal case backlog in Indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24 (5) pp. 281-291
2020 Regulating the spread of false content online in Malaysia: issues, challenges and the way forward. International Journal of Business and Society, 21 (S1) pp. 32-48
2020 Teruskan pakai Zoom atau tidak?. IB Times, () pp.
2020 The digital economy and the quest for privacy protection in Bangladesh: a comparative legal analysis. IIUM Law Journal, 28 (2) pp. 567-596
2020 The threat of Cyberterrorism and the applicability of the convention of cybercrime. At-Tahalof, (3) pp. 20-23
2020 تهديد الإرهاب السيبراني وإمكانية تطبيق اتفاقية الجرائم السيبرانية. Attahalof, (3) pp. 38-41
2019 #10yearschallenge could simplify data collection, expert says. The Jakarta Post, () pp.
2019 Access My Info: measuring data access rights around the world. The Citizen Lab, October 16, 2019 () pp.
2019 Data protection challenges in the internet of things era: an assessment of protection offered by PDPA 2010. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 4 (17) pp. 1-12
2019 M’sians increasingly aware of risks with data breach. Borneo Post Online, () pp.
2019 Pakar sayangkan Indonesia absen Deklarasi Osaka. Antara News, () pp.
2018 Current state of personal data protection in electronic voting: criteria and indicator for effective implementation. TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control, 16 (1) pp. 290-301
2018 RUU perlindungan data pribadi perlu segera dibahas = PDP draft law needs to be urgently passed. Antara News, () pp.
2017 Policing cryptocurrencies. New Straits Times, () pp. 22-22
2017 Privacy and personal data protection in electronic voting: factors and measures. TELKOMNIKA, 15 (1) pp. 512-521
2017 Social function reconstruction of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) based on justice values. International Journal of Law Reconstruction, 1 (1) pp. 141-160
2017 Whither policing cryptocurrency in Malaysia?. IIUM Law Journal, 25 (2) pp. 179-196
2017 马来西亚社交媒体监管:选择与挑战 (Regulating Social Media in Malaysia: Options and Challenges). Global Media Journal, 4 (2) pp. 58-79
2016 Dispute resolution in E-transaction in Palestine. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 9 (4) pp. 6-11
2016 Keutamaan membaca Al-Quran di bulan Ramadhan. Muhammadiyah, () pp. 1-6
2016 Memaknai pergantian tahun bagi seorang Muslim. Suara Muhammadiyah Online, () pp. 1-5
2016 Utilization of cyberspace by terrorist groups and the applicability of the Malaysian law on terrorism. Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities, 2 (2) pp. 31-54
2015 Big data, cloud and "bring your own device": how the data protection law addresses the impact of 'datafication' . Advanced Science Letters, 21 (10) pp. 3347-3351
2015 Cloud computing in E-Commerce in Palestine: legal issues and challenges. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 8 (4) pp. 17-25
2015 Data Protection Chat. Kuala Lumpur Regional Centre for Arbitration (KLRCA) Newsletter, 18 (Q2) pp. 22-23
2015 Mediating data protection breaches and disputes: the PDPA 2010 perspective. Kuala Lumpur Regional Centre for Arbitration (KLRCA) Newsletter, 2015 (18/Q2) pp. 24-27
2015 Preface for Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities: A Special Edition Devoted to Issues in Criminal Justice in the 21st Century: Spirit, Form & Challenges . Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities: A Special Edition Devoted to Issues in Criminal Justice in the 21st Century: Spirit, Form & Challenges , 23 ((S)) pp.
2015 The concept of internet of things and its challenges to privacy. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 8 (4) pp. 1-6
2015 The Shari’ah approach to criminalise identity theft. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 23 ((S)) pp. 169-182
2014 Data breach worries: a special report. Focus Malaysia, 70 (April 5-11, 2014) pp. 18-19
2014 Electronic surveillance, privacy and national security: concepts, analysis - in a nutshell. Current Law Review, 2014 (4) pp. 36-69
2014 Legal framework on the enforceability, fairness and data protection surrounding the electronic transaction: a case of Malaysia. Lex Mercatoria Journal of International Trade and Business Law, 2 (1) pp. 23-45
2013 A guideline to enforce privacy and data protection regulation in Indonesia. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 2 (3) pp. 56-63
2013 An overview of legal framework for personal data protection on electronic voting in Indonesia . International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 2 (3) pp. 62-68
2013 Consumers, take control of your personal data . The Star Daily, () pp.
2012 Data leak, critical information infrastructure and the legal options: what does Wikileaks teach us?. International Journal of Cyber-Security and Digital Forensics (IJCSDF), 1 (3) pp. 226-231
2012 E-Payment Gateway Service in Malaysia and the Analysis of its Legal Framework. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences , 6 (11) pp. 233-238
2012 What You Need to Know about the PDPA. The Star Online, () pp. 26-26
2011 Adakah perlindungan data konsumen di Indonesia? ("What law protects consumers' personal data in Indonesia?"). Online News Portal Detik.com, () pp.
2011 Law and legal education in the information age: quo vadis?. IIUM Law Journal, 2011 (SEd) pp. 67-82
2011 National security in Malaysia's digital economy: redefinition, reaction and legal reform. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7 (13) pp. 2316-2325
2011 Personal data “Up in the Air”: a tale of two Malaysian airlines in dealing with consumers online privacy. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research (IPEDR), 5 (1) pp. V1-300-V1-303
2011 Security safeguards on e-Payment systems in Malaysia: an analysis on the Payment Systems Act 2003. Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 6 (4) pp. 187-193
2011 Security safeguards on e-Payment systems in Malaysia: an analysis on the Payment Systems Act 2003. Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 6 (4) pp. 187-193
2009 The requirement of information availability under the E-Commerce Act 2006. E-Security, 18 (Q1) pp. 26-27
Conference or Workshop Item

2022 Cyber Terrorism Law in Nigeria: is the Budapest Convention on cybercrime helpful?. In: International Conference on Cyber Counterterrorism 2022,
2021 “Like, Comment, Share… And Guilty as Charged” – Why Social Media Users should Relook at section 233 CMA 1998. In: International Conference on Family Law, Family Justice and Maqasid Al-Shariah (ICFL 2021)),
2021 Five privacy lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic. In: Symposium for ICT and Sustainability 2021 - “Beyond Pandemic: Making the World a Better Place through Digitalisation”,
2021 Internalising the information culture while Building Society 5.0. In: International Conference on the Construction of Spirituality, Humanity and Technology-Based Society 5.0,
2021 Mainstreaming Shari'ah solutions for peace and justice: Al-Mizan as the foundation of the legal system. In: Roundtable discussion on harmonisation of shari'ah and law,
2021 Society 5.0 , datafication and the illusion of lawlessness. In: International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences for Humanity in the Era of Society 5.0,
2021 Trade, data protection and data transfer between Malaysia and Turkey: a legal analysis of compatibility. In: 4th International Symposium On Commercial Law,
2020 Ancaman kebebasan sipil dan keadilan sumber daya alam: Perlindungan data pribadi dan ancaman kebebasan sipil. In: Rembug Nasional Ancaman Kebebasan Sipil dan Keadilan Sumber Daya Alam,
2020 Article publication for law subjects: overview and experiences. In: Webinar on Article Publication for Law Subject,
2020 Berinteraksi di media online: Etika, hukum dan rambu-rambunya. In: Webinar Edukasi Pencegahan Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dan Anak,
2020 Blogging for academics. In: Workshop on Academic Blogging,
2020 Covid-19 and its impact to Indonesian higher educations – learning from IIU Malaysia. In: ASKUI Talk on Covid-19 and Its Impact to Indonesian Higher Educations,
2020 Cyber law and the Covid-19 pandemic. In: International Student Colloquium: Law and Development in the Era of Pandemic,
2020 Cybersecurity and privacy. In: Kursus Digital Economy,
2020 Data Protection law: A long-overdue homework. In: International Virtual Lecture,
2020 Embracing the data economy: what is at stake for legal academia?. In: 10th International Conference of Muhammadiyah and ‘Aisyiyah Higher Education Association (ICMAHEA),
2020 Empowering a reliable, safer and trustworthy digitally connected Indonesia. In: World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Virtual Workshop 2020,
2020 Implementation of the ASEAN framework on personal data protection as a Personal Data Protection Regulation in ASEAN countries. In: ALSA Indonesia Specialized Research Team (AISRT) Focus Group Discussion,
2020 Legal basis for Corona lockdown worldwide : The case in Malaysia. In: Online International Discussion,
2020 Legal risks in the remote teaching and learning. In: International Webinar on Understanding Legal Risks in Remote Teaching and Learning,
2020 Norma-norma perlindungan privasi data di era informasi. In: Lecture Series On Professional Ethics In ICT,
2020 Omnibus law in Indonesia: A comparative study with other countries – The Malaysian experience. In: International Seminar on Omnibus Law and Comparative Study with Other Countries,
2020 Pandangan hukum Islam dalam bersosial media. In: Webinar Darunnajah Menyapa Dunia,
2020 Personal data protection and the challenges of the pandemic. In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709) di Negeri Melaka,
2020 Personal data protection in the time of pandemic: issues and challenges. In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709) di Negeri Terengganu,
2020 Post Covid-19: the future of legal studies. In: Youth’s Foresight Forum,
2020 Preparing a cyber law course for the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Malang. In: Focus Group Discussion on the Development of Cyber Law Course by the Faculty of Law Universitas Islam Malang,
2020 Preparing data protection professionals for the digital era. In: International Guest Lecture,
2020 Privacy and data protection in the time of pandemic. In: 6th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols and Services (NETAPPS2020),
2020 Sarjana dan tantangan dakwah digital di era informasi. In: Orasi Ilmiah Sidan Senat dan Wisuda ke-21 STAIDA Darunnajah,
2020 Security and privacy concerns in the Malaysian National IoT strategic roadmap: legal response and the way forward. In: 6th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols and Services (NETAPPS2020),
2020 Tatakelola Big Data dalam konteks masyarakat informasi. In: Webinar Refleksi Akhir Tahun: Big data Muhammadiyah: Di mana dan dikemanakan?,
2020 The digital ethics. In: Webinar Series #1 FIKTI Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (UMSU),
2020 The impact of Covid-19 to the Cyber Security and information society – experience of Malaysia = Dampak Covid-19 terhadap keamanan cyber dan masyarakat informasi – pengalaman Malaysia. In: International Webinar on the Implications of Covid-19 to Cyber Security,
2020 The law of data sharing in remote learning platform. In: Djuanda International Webinar,
2020 The risks of exploiting virtual currencies in terrorist financing operations. In: IMCTC 10th Monthly Symposium,
2020 The state of terrorism at the time of crises and calamities: the Case of Covid-19 pandemic. In: IMCTC 7th Monthly Symposium,
2020 ZOOM bahaya ZOOM dipakai. In: PRIHATWONO TALKS,
2019 Data protection in Malaysia: the year in review. In: Webinar by Data Protection Excellence Network,
2019 Open data and right to information in Malaysia: a comparative analysis. In: 2018 6th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM 2018),
2019 Reasonableness as a standard for personal data protection in Malaysia. In: International Seminar on Data Protection in the Digitalization Era,
2018 Cryptocurrency and anti-money laundering law: the need for an integrated approach. In: 7th International Conference on Law And Society (ICLAS 7),
2018 Dissemination of false content online in Malaysia: a legal update. In: 7th International Conference on Law And Society (ICLAS 7),
2017 Cabaran PDPA dalam ekonomi digital (PDPA and the challenges of digital economy). In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709),
2017 Cabaran PDPA dalam ekonomi digital (Personal Data Protection Act and the challenges of digital economy). In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709),
2017 Cabaran perlindingan data dalam ekonomi digital (PDPA and the Challenges of Digital Economy). In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709),
2017 Current state of personal data protection in electronic voting: demand on legislature’s Bill. In: 1st International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2016,
2017 Cyber security in the open data: where is the equilibrium?. In: 6th Malaysian – German Security Dialogue,
2017 Election fraud and privacy related issues: addressing electoral integrity. In: 2016 International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC),
2017 Internet of things: investigating its social and legal implications in a connected society. In: International Conference on Law and Society 6 (ICLAS 6),
2017 Privacy policy in Indonesia and Malaysia: from digital economy to personal data protection laws. In: The 3rd Asia Privacy Bridge Forum, Spring 2017,
2017 Privasi vs data peribadi (Privacy To Personal Data Protection: Conceptual and Contextual Landscape). In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709) untuk Pengguna Data di Sabah,
2017 The Nigerian policy on critical information infrastructure. In: International Conference on Law and Society 6 (ICLAS 6),
2016 Critical data leak analysis in educational environment. In: 2016 4th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management,
2016 Cryptocurrency: To regulate or not to regulate?. In: 5th International Conference on Law and Society (ICLAS V),
2016 Cyber security and open government in Malaysia: issues and development. In: Cyber Security in the Era of Open Government,
2016 Cyberlaw and Data Protection Law. In: Seminar : Cyber Law and Data Protection Law,
2016 Data governance in the renewable energy development: issues and challenges. In: International Conference Forum in Research, Science and Technology (FIRST 2016),
2016 Dispute resolution in E-transaction in Palestine. In: Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics and Law Conference 9 (KLIBEL9),
2016 Garis panduan penyediaan perintah S.129 PDPA 2010 (cross-border data transfer under s.129 of the PDPA 2010). In: Bengkel Penyediaan Deraf Perintah Perlindungan Data Peribadi ( Pemindahan Data Peribadi ) 2016,
2016 Our privacy: How to be assured in cyberspace. In: Cybersecurity, IT Assurance & Governance Conference 2016,
2016 Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan tinggi hukum melalui kerjasama dalam pengembangan sistem informasi menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) = Developing the information system for law schools: Roles and challenges towards the ASEAN Economic Community. In: Seminar Nasional Dalam Rangka Milad FH UMY ke-35,
2016 Pesonal data governance in Malaysia from a cyber security perspective. In: APAC Cyber Security Summit 2016,
2016 Self-regulation in the use of social media: an obvious but tricky choice?. In: Social Media, Policy and Regulation: A Network Governance Perspective,
2015 Cloud computing in e-commerce in palestine: legal issues and challenges. In: KL International Business Economics and Law 8 (KLIBEL8),
2015 Cyberlaw on pornography. In: National Law Students Convention IV (PEMUDA IV),
2015 Developing PDPA-friendly moblie application: key takeaways for mobile apps developers. In: KL Converge! 2015 Talk,
2015 Digital privacy as a currency in the big data ecosystem. In: Guest Lecture at the Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Jakarta,
2015 Information governance and dark data management. In: InnoxCell Asia Symposium 2015 on Legal Risk, Compliance, e-Discovery, Financial Crime, Corporate Governance and Data Privacy (IAS 2015),
2015 Managing the risks of big-data environment through data protection law: the position in Malaysia and Indonesia. In: The 3rd International Conference on Internet Services Technology and Information Engineering 2015,
2015 Negligence: causation & remoteness of damage. In: Torts Law Course for Anti-Corruption Agency - Concept and Application,
2015 Rolling-out PDPA compliance programme: business issues and practical challenges to manage - between failed, half-baked & sustainable PDPA roll-out. In: Public Lecture Series 2015 of the Brickfields Asia College ,
2015 The concept of internet of things and its challenges to privacy. In: KL International Business Economics and Law 8 (KLIBEL8),
2014 Big data and its legal risks. In: The 3rd International Conference on Information Technology for Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM) 2014,
2014 Citizen, cyber government and the legal aspects. In: Malaysia Internet Governance Forum (MyIGF) 2014,
2014 Decision to cast a vote: an ordinal regression statistical analysis. In: 2014 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M 2014),
2014 Electronic surveillance and privacy concern in Malaysia: a quest for consensus. In: International Conference on Law and Society III (ICLAS III),
2014 Highlights of Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) 2010 & its subsidiary regulations - for information governance professionals. In: ISACA Talk on PDPA – Enforcement, Implementation and Assurance,
2014 Legal redress for identity theft in Malaysia: a hope or hype?. In: IIUM Research, Invention and Innovation Exhibition 2014,
2014 Moving towards an "Eagle-Eyed" society: Malaysian perspective. In: International Conference on Law, Order and Criminal Justice (ICLOCJ 2014),
2014 Overview of the Budapest convention on cybercrime. In: Attorney General's Chambers Workshop on Cybercrime,
2014 Patient confidentiality, the law and the healthcare records in the view of the PDPA 2010. In: National Seminar on Medical Records Management,
2014 PDP law and the university data ecosystem: understanding the context. In: Half-Day Workshop on Personal Data Protection Law,
2014 The Shariah approach to criminalise identity theft. In: International Conference on Law, Order and Criminal Justice 2014,
2013 A guideline to enforce privacy and data protection regulation in Indonesia. In: Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics, and Law Conference,
2013 An overview of legal framework for personal data protection on electronic voting in Indonesia. In: Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics, and Law Conference,
2013 How does the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 affect the clinical research?. In: Clinical Research Center (CRC) Network Meeting,
2013 Information security and data protection: Selected issues. In: Global Information Governance Summit (GIGS) 2013,
2013 Law and ethics: Doing e-business. In: SME@UiTM Workshop Programme: Nurturing Business Innovation,
2013 PDP Act 2010 beyond “personal”, “data” and “protection”: how the data privacy law transforms business landscape in Malaysia and beyond. In: ISACA Malaysia & MNCC 12th Annual IT Governance, Assurance and Security Conference,
2013 Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA): From management tools towards a privacy culture. In: 3rd Annual Personal Data Protection Summit,
2013 Terrorism and the law: Malaysian and Indonesian perspectives. In: Special Course for Thai Judges,
2013 The significance of Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) 2010 on data security & IT audit. In: IT Audit Heads' Special Interest Group (SIG) Meeting,
2012 Apportionment of liability in the electronic commerce in Arab countries: a literature review. In: 2nd Global Islamic Marketing Conference (GIMC 2012),
2012 Data breach on the critical information infrastructures: lessons from the Wikileaks. In: 2012 International Conference on Cyber Security, Cyber Warfare and Digital Forensic (CyberSec,
2012 E-Business Law in Malaysia - Introduction for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). In: Small & Medium Enterprises (SME) Workshop 2012,
2012 E-Payment gateway and Internet banking system as modern business instrument and its legal basis in Malaysia. In: International Conference on Payment Gateway and Internet Banking System in Islamic and Universal Economic Legal System Perspectives,
2012 Legal redress for identity theft in Malaysia : hope or hype?. In: International Conference on Public Policy and Social Sciences,
2012 Privacy impact assessment for a better corporate governance : new legal landscape in managing corporate data assets. In: National Conference on IT Governance, Data Protection and Cyber Security for the Public and Private Sectors,
2012 Privacy in cyber era : a reality check. In: 2nd Annual Personal Data Protection Summit,
2012 The Law of information age : quo vadis?. In: Talk on Cyberlaw,
2012 The state of e-government security in Malaysia : reassessing the legal and regulatory framework on the threat of information theft. In: 1st Taibah University International Conference on Computing and Information Technology (ICCIT 2012),
2012 Understanding personal data protection law. In: In-house Workshop on Personal Data Protection Act 2010,
2012 القضایا و التحدیات القانونیة في الإدارة الإلكترونیة بسلطنة عُمان (Legal Issues and Challenges on Electronic Government in Oman) . In: GCC Conference on the Administrative Development in The Arab States of the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges of Change and Development, Prospecting The Future,
2011 Legal reform on the dispute resolution mechanism in Islamic banking and finance in Indonesia: issues and challenges. In: Eighth International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance 2011,
2011 National security in Malaysia's digital economy: redefinition, reaction and legal reform. In: The 1st International Conference on International Relations and Development (ICIRD),
2011 Personal data “Up in the air”: A tale of two Malaysian airlines in dealing with consumers online privacy. In: 2011 International Conference on Social Science and Humanity,
2010 An ideal legal system to combat cyber crime: issues and way forward. In: The Digital Forensics Satellite Event for Researchers & Aacademicians - Cyber CSI / Cyber Security Malaysia Awards, Conference & Exhibition 2010,
2010 Information security in the Islamic perspective: the principles and practices. In: International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World (ICT4M) 2010,
2009 Corroborative intersection of the information security standards and the legal framework on data management. In: 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering,
Book

2024 Cyber law in Malaysia: principles and practices. Sweet & Maxwell, Thomson Reuters Asia Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-7527-65-9
2023 Personal Data Protection Law (comparative study on Indonesian and Malaysian Law). Universitas Islam Indonesia, ISBN: 978-602-450-786-2
2022 Pribadi berkemajuan: memajukan Indonesia, mencerahkan semesta. Penerbit Samudra Biru, ISBN: 978-623-261-517-5
2021 Santri mengaji pandemi: refleksi, solusi dan aksi. bunga rampai pemikiran Akademisi Alumni Pesantren Darunnajah Jakarta. Mata Kata Inspirasi, ISBN: 978-623-97340-5-3
2017 Proceeding: International Conference on Law and Society. Faculty of Law & LP3M Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), ISBN: 9786027577961
Book Section

2022 Berkemajuan itu terukur dan terstruktur. In: Penerbit Samudra Biru, ISBN: 978-623-261-517-5, pp. 2-14
2022 Masa depan PCIM Malaysia:konsolidasi, internalisasi, dan internasionalisasi. In: Penerbit Samudra Biru, ISBN: 978-623-261-517-5, pp. 357-361
2022 Pemimpin seribu wajah. In: UNISEL Press, ISBN: 978-967-25867-3-9, pp. 169-172
2022 Pemimpin seribu wajah. In: UNISEL Press, ISBN: 978-967-25867-3-9, pp. 169-172
2021 “Like, comment, share… and guilty as charged” – why social media users should relook at section 233 CMA 1998. In: Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia & AIKOL, IIUM, ISBN: 978-967-0870-87-8, pp. 187-204
2021 Advokasi hak digital di era pandemi. In: Mata Kata Inspirasi, ISBN: 978-623-97340-5-3, pp. 150-156
2021 Belajar mengelola militansi. In: UMSIDA Press, ISBN: 978-623-6292-15-0, pp. 369-371
2021 Belajar mengelola militansi. In: UMSIDA Press, ISBN: 978-623-6292-15-0, pp. 369-371
2021 Terus melangkah mengarungi pandemi. In: Mata Kata Inspirasi, ISBN: 978-623-97340-5-3, pp. 325-330
2019 Cryptocurrencies and anti-money laundering laws: the need for an integrated approach. In: Emerald Publishing Limited, ISBN: 978-1-78973-546-8, pp. 247-263
2019 Cryptocurrencies and anti-money laundering laws: the need for an integrated approach. In: Emerald Publishing Limited, ISBN: 978-1-78973-546-8, pp. 247-263
2018 Information asset as property: a legal perspective. In: Springer, Singapore, ISBN: 978-981-10-6276-6, pp. 371-381
2018 Right of privacy in the digital age: legal challenges in the Malaysian judicial landscape. In: USIM Press, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, ISBN: 978-967-440-588-5, pp. 179-189
2014 Information asset as property: a legal perspective . In: Satyam Law International , ISBN: 9789382823087, pp. 397-408
2014 Information asset as property: a legal perspective . In: Satyam Law International , ISBN: 9789382823087, pp. 397-408
2013 Fighting cyberterrorism with legislative bullet: are we really ready?. In: International Association of IT lawyers (IAITL), ISBN: 9788799485437, pp. 65-79
2013 Integrating information security policies into domestic legislation: the Malaysian experience. In: International Association of IT lawyers (IAITL), ISBN: 9788799485437, pp. 221-235
2013 Right to privacy: development, cases and commentaries. In: Thomson Reuters (Sweet & Maxwell) Malaysia, ISBN: 9789670498133, pp. 445-465
2012 دورالإدارة الرّقابي في تفعيل وتطوير الإدارة الإلكترونية. In: Institute of Public Administration, ISBN: 978-9960-14-215-9, pp. 727-750
2011 Right to privacy in Malaysia : development,cases and commentaries. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 9789670225753, pp. 459-486
2011 The law of electronic contract in Malaysia: issues and challenges. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 9789670225432, pp. 215-248
2010 Menata masyarakati informasi Indonesia melalui kerjasama pengaturan konten internet ("co-regulating the internet content for a better Indonesian information society"). In: Matan Press, ISBN: 978-979-990042-3-2, pp. 305-328
2010 Menata masyarakati informasi Indonesia melalui kerjasama pengaturan konten internet ("co-regulating the internet content for a better Indonesian information society"). In: Matan Press, ISBN: 978-979-990042-3-2, pp. 305-328
Monograph

2019 Formulating the legal and institutional framework for elimination of terrorism financing in Malaysia (FRGS16-012-0511). In: ,